Three pillars of Varroa control

The beekeeping sector is facing many challenges. One of the greatest maintaining healthy colonies that produce high-quality products without any residues veterinary medicines and with low environmental impact. main enemy ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, most significant honeybee pest a key factor in high colony losses worldwide. In previous four decades, three pillars control have crystallized to be essential for sustainable management: apitechnical measures, chemical treatments, resistant stocks honey bees. long term, latter probably as it step self-sustaining populations feral managed colonies. We recognize significance progress knowledge all conquer their successful usage accordance local global conditions capabilities. this review, we present possible integration components strategies light provide linkage production safe